Web Survey Bibliography
"Dynamic form" is the generic heading for dynamic text fields and dynamic lists, two innovative ways of reactive data collection in self-administered online surveys.
Dynamic forms are considered a
Open-ended questions do not pose limitations on the respondent in choosing an answer. Closed questions often are faster to answer with little mental effort, offer the benefit of ease to standardization, and data gathered from closed-ended questions need little time for coding and lend themselves to statistical analysis. At first glance, _dynamic text fields_ do not differ from ordinary HTML text fields. However, upon beginning with an entry, suggestions for the most probable word are offered in an area below the text field. With each new letter these suggestions are readapted. At http://labs.google.com/suggest Google shows an example for the use of this technique in a search engine.
By using _dynamic lists_, even questions with large numbers of response categories that can be brought into an hierarchical order, can be answered like closed-ended questions. At first, the respondent sees only a single table with very general categories. As soon as one of these categories is selected, more specific choices appear in a second table. Finding the appropriate answer is supported by gradually offering chunks of more detailed descriptions.
Both kinds of dynamic forms are suitable for the measurement of variables more possible values than feasible in tradition al closed-ended questions (e.g. subject of study or classification of occupations).
Dynamic forms provide new ground in online research and have not been examined yet, for example regarding their influence on the quality of data or the cognitive processes underlying the response behavior. We postulate that there is a change from recall to recognition when using dynamic forms instead of open-ended questions. Consequently, number and quality of responses should increase.
ln the experimental panel studies presented, dynamic text fields and lists were compared with radio buttons, drop-down menus and standard text fields. Thereby, the influence of implementing dynamic forms on motivation to participate in a study, response times and efforts needed to code data were examined.
"Dynamische Formulare" ist der Oberbegriff fOr dynamische Textfelder und dynamische Listen, zwei innovative Arten reaktiver Datenerhebung in selbstadministrierten Onlinebefragungen.
Dynamische Formulare werden als eine Web-2.0-Technik angesehen. Wir zeigen hier, dass diese Technik genutzt werden kann, um die Vorteile offener und geschlossener Fragetypen miteinander zu verbinden. Offenen Fragen beschranken die Antwortm6glichkeit des Befragten nicht durch Vorgaben; geschlossenen Fragen lassen sich haufig schneller und mit geringerer kognitiver Beanspruchung beantworten und bieten den Vorteil der einfachen Standardisierung. Zudem k6nnen Daten, die mit geschlossenen Fragen erhoben wurden, schnell fOr statistische Auswertungen vercodet werden.
_Dynamische Textfelder_ sehen auf den ersten Blick genauso aus wie herk6mmliche HTML-Textfelder. Sobaid jedoch mit der Texteingabe begonnen wird, erscheinen in einem Bereich unterhalb des Eingabefeldes Vorschlage, welches Wort gerade wahrscheinlich eingegeben wird. Mit jedem weiteren eingegebenen Zeichen passen sich die Vorschlage an. Auf http://labs.google.com/suggest findet sich ein Beispiel fOr die Anwendung dieser Technik in einer Suchmaschine. _Dynamische Listen_ erm6glichen die geschlossene Erhebung von Items mit einer groflen Zahl von Auspragungen, die sich hierarchisch ordnen lassen. Zunachst sieht der Nutzer nur eine Tabelle mit allgemeinen Kategorien. Sobaid auf der obersten Ebene eine Kategorie gewahlt wird, erscheinen in einer zweiten Tabelle speziellere Auswahlm6glichkeiten. Das Finden der zutreffenden Antwort wird durch das stufenweise Darbieten von Chunks mit detaillierteren Informationen unterstutzt.
Dynamische Formulare sind wissenschaftliches Neuland. Bisher wurde nicht erforscht, ob ihr Einsatz einen Einfluss auf die DatengUte oder die kognitiven Prozesse hat, die dem Antwortverhalten zugrunde liegen. Wir postulieren, dass auf kognitiver Ebene ein Wechsel von Recall zu Recognition stattfindet, wenn dynamische Formulare anstelle von offenen Fragen genutzt werden.
ln den vorgestellten experimentellen Panel-Studien wurden dynamische TextfeIder und Listen mit Radiobuttons, Drop-down-Mens und herk6mmlichen Textfeldern verglichen. Dadurch konnte der Einfluss dynamischer Formulare auf die Teilnahmemotivation, die Datenqualitat, die Responsezeit und den Kodieraufwand analysiert werden .
Web survey bibliography - Reips, U.-D. (41)
- Using Visual Analogue Scales in eHealth: Non-Response Effects in a Lifestyle Intervention; 2016; Kuhlmann, T.; Reips, U.-D.; Wienert, J.; Lippke, S.
- Build your own social network laboratory with Social Lab: a tool for research in social media; 2014; Garaizar, P., Reips, U.-D.
- WEBDATANET: Innovation and Quality in Web-Based Data Collection ; 2014; Steinmetz, S., Slavec, A., Tijdens, K. G., Reips, U.-D., de Pedraza, P., Popescu, A., Belchior, A., ...,...
- Mining “Big Data” using Big Data Services ; 2014; Reips, U.-D., Matzat, U.
- Interactive applets on the Web for methods and statistics; 2013; McClelland, G., Reips, U.-D.
- Askito: An open source Web questionnaire tool; 2013; Reips, U.-D., Heilmann, T.
- Psychometric properties of an internet administered version of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability...; 2012; Vesteinsdottir, V., Reips, U.-D., Joinson, A. N., Porsdottir, F.
- Why semantic differentials in Web-based research should be made from visual analogue scales and not...; 2012; Funke, F., Reips, U.-D.
- Methodological challenges in the use of the Internet for scientific research: Ten solutions and recommendations...; 2011; Reips, U.-D., Buchanan, T., Krantz, J. H., McGrawn, K.Reips, U.-D.
- What are participants doing while filling in an online questionnaire: A paradata collection tool and...; 2010; Stieger, S., Reips, U.-D.
- Making small effects observable: Reducing error by using visual analogue scales; 2009; Funke, F., Reips, U.-D.
- Yes, VASs can! Increasing the accuracy of survey measurements with computerized visual analogue scales...; 2009; Funke, F., Reips, U.-D.
- True Web experiments; 2009; Reips, U.-D.
- Internet questionnaires in e-health contexts: Non-response to sensitive items; 2009; Reips, U.-D., Buchanan, T., Joinson, A. N., Paine, C.
- Collecting data in surfer's paradise: Internet-mediated research yesterday, now, and tomorrow; 2009; Reips, U.-D.
- A decade of Internet-based data collection: Time is ripe for combining e-learning with i-science; 2009; Reips, U.-D.
- Experimentation within surveys; 2009; Reips, U.-D.
- Investigating causal relationships with power: Online experiments; 2009; Reips, U.-D.
- TitleInternet-basierte Messung sozialer Erwünschtheit: Theoretische Grundlagen und experimentelle Untersuchung...; 2008; Kaufmann, E., Reips, U.-D.
- Response time measurement in the lab and on the Web: A comparison; 2007; Galesic, M., Reips, U.-D., Kaczmirek, L., Czienskowski, U., Liske, N., von Oertzen, T.
- Experiments on non- response in internet- based research; 2007; Reips, U.-D.
- Dynamic Forms: Online Surveys 2.0 ; 2007; Funke, F., Reips, U.-D.
- Forced response in online surveys: bias from reactance and an increase in sex-specific dropout; 2007; Stieger, S., Reips, U. -D., Voracek, M.
- The methodology of Internet-based experiments; 2007; Reips, U.-D.
- Personalized salutation, power of sender and response rates to Web-based surveys; 2007; Joinson, A. N., Reips, U. -D.
- Web-based methods; 2006; Reips, U.-D.
- Privacy, Trust, Disclosure and the Internet; 2006; Paine, C., , Buchanan, T., Reips, U. -D.
- The Web experiment list: A Web service for the recruitment of participants and archiving of Internet...; 2005; Reips, U. -D., Lengler, R.
- Scientific LogAnalyzer: A Web-based tool for analyses of server log files in psychological research; 2004; Reips, U.-D., Stieger, S.
- Employee surveys via Internet or paper? The influence of administration mode, anonymity, voluntariness...; 2004; Reips, U.-D., Franek, L.
- Salutation, Power and behaviour in on-line panels; 2004; Joinson, A. N., Reips, U.-D.
- WEXTOR: A Web-based tool for generating and visualizing experimental designs and procedures; 2002; Reips, U.-D., Neuhaus, C.
- WeXtor 2.5: Develop, manage, and visualize experimental designs and procedures; 2002; Reips, U.-D., Blumer, T., Neuhaus, C.
- Social desirable responding and age on the Internet: older participants in online studies show a higher...; 2002; Reips, U.-D., Stoeber, J., Hahn, A.
- Internet-Based Psychological Experimenting: Five Dos and Five Don'ts; 2002; Reips, U.-D.
- The Kid's Experimental Psychology Lab: A Web Site for Internet Research with Children; 2002; Frick, A., Reips, U.-D.
- Platform-dependent biases in Online Research: Do Mac users really think different?; 2001; Buchanan, T., Reips, U.-D.
- Financial Incentives, Personal Information and Drop-Out in Online Studies; 2001; Frick, A., Bachtiger, M. T., Reips, U.-D.
- A Brief History of Web Experimenting; 2000; Musch, J., Reips, U.-D.
- Current Internet science - trends, techniques, results. ; 1999; Reips, U.-D., Batinic, B., Bandilla, W., Bosnjak, M., Graef, L., Moser, K., Werner, A.
- Drop-out caused by JavaScript: "I could not have expected this to happen " - A Web experiment...; 1999; Reips, U.-D., Schwarz, S.